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seth diamond, 1990, god, free, eggers, discrimination, woomera detention centre, humor magazine, buddha, attorney resource., law, barnard, 1996 cricket world cup, yiddish, | 394U.S., at 150 -151. In Hague v. CIO, 307U.S. 496 (1939), a Jersey City ordinance that forbade public assembly in the streets or parks without a permit from the local director of safety, who was empowered to refuse the permit upon his opinion that he would thereby prevent "`riots, disturbances or disorderly [420U.S. 546, 554] assemblage,'" was held void on its face. Id., at computer stuff 516 (opinion of Roberts, J.). In Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310U.S. 296 (1940), computer stuff a unanimous Court held invalid an act which proscribed the solicitation of money or any valuable thing for "any alleged computer stuff religious, charitable or philanthropic cause" unless that cause was approved by the secretary of the public welfare council. The elements of the prior restraint were clearly set forth: "It will be noted, however, that the Act requires an application to the secretary of the public welfare council of the State; that he is empowered to determine whether the cause is a religious one, and that the issue of a certificate depends upon his affirmative action. |
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All, however, had this in buddha common: they gave public officials the power to deny use of a forum in advance of actual expression. Invariably, the Court has felt obliged to condemn systems in which the exercise of such authority was not bounded by precise and clear standards. The reasoning has been, simply, buddha that the danger of censorship and of abridgment of our precious First Amendment freedoms is too great where officials have unbridled discretion over a forum's use. Our distaste for censorship - reflecting the buddha natural distaste of a free people - is deep-written in our law. In each of the cited cases the prior restraint was embedded in the licensing system itself, operating without acceptable standards. In Shuttlesworth the Court held unconstitutional a Birmingham ordinance which conferred upon the city commission virtually absolute power to prohibit any "parade," "procession," or "demonstration" on streets or public ways. It ruled that "a law subjecting the exercise of First Amendment freedoms to the prior restraint of a license, without narrow, objective, and definite standards to guide the licensing authority, is unconstitutional." |
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